ECONOMICS NOTES CLASS IX

THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR

PALAMPUR-   It is an imaginary small village well connected by raiganj and shahpur through land routes (pakka road).Bullock cart tonga,bus,auto, jeep e.t.c are some means of transport used in this village. It has two primary schools and one high school.

There is a government primary health Centre and a primary dispensary.

About 450 families of different caste are living there.out of them 80 families were upper caste who owned most of the land in palampur.one-third of the land were owned by s.c and s.t. remaining land were unevenly distributed between poor and lower caste people.

• Main Production Activities

Farming is the main production activity in the village Palampur. Most of the people are dependent on farming for their livelihood. Non-farming activities such as dairy, small-scale manufacturing (e.g. activities of weavers and potters, etc.), transport, etc., are carried out on a limited scale by poor families in their home.

• Factors of Production which are Required for Production of Goods and Services.
• Land, labour and capital (physical capital)are the basic requirements for production of goods and services which are popularly known as factors of production. Land includes all free gifts of nature,e.g., soil, water, forests, minerals, etc. Labour means human effort which of course includes physical as well as mental labour. Physical capital is the third requirement for production.Physical capital are of two types  fixed capital (e.g. tools, machines, building, etc.)and Working capital (day to day operation)

Interprenuer-Person who organised all the resource combine to produce something.

FARMING IS BASED ON FOLLOWING FACTOR

Land is fixed ,change in method of cultivation,modern farming,uses of HYV seeds, sustainability of land,distribution of land,labour,capital,selling of farm products.

LAND IS FIXED
Population is growing very rapidly ,but the amount of land area under cultivation is virtually fixed. However, some wastelands in India had been converted into cultivable land after 1960(green revolution)

Over the years, there have been important changes in the way of farming, which have allowed the farmers to produce more crops from the same amount of land.

CHANGES IN METHOD OF CULTIVATION

1. Multiple cropping farming
2. Use of modern farming

MULTIPLE CROPPING

In agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same piece of land in same growing seasons. EX-One example of multi-cropping is tomatoes + onions + marigold; the marigolds repel some tomato pests. 

MODERN FARMING

Modern farming is a technology which is used to improve the production of crops.It makes use of hybrid seeds of selected variety of a single crop, technologically advanced equipment(threser,combine,harvester) and lots of energy subsidies in the form of irrigation water, fertilizers and pesticides.

SUSTAINABILITY OF LAND
Over used of resources.
Groundwater ,river,lakes are polluted by the use of fertilizres.
pesticide kills micro-organism present in soil which are essential for the growth of plants.

SEASONS OF AGRICULTURE
Rabi crops and kharif crops
Rabi based on the monsoon. The kharif cropping season is from July –October during the south-west monsoon and the Rabi cropping season is from October-March (winter). The crops grown between March and June are summer crops.

SURPLUS CROP
Big farmers produces large amount of crop.so,they used to sell their crops in neighbouring  village like Raiganj and shahpur.

DALA
Landless farm labourer who works on daily wages.

UNICROPPING  AND DUAL CROPPING
Unicropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the same season . Corn, soybeans, and wheat are three common crops often grown using unicropping techniques.
Dual cropping-The practice of sequentially raising and harvesting a second (or third, or sometimes more) crop (usually vegetables) in the same field in a single growing season, especially in warmer climates. 

CONTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY
Irrigation system changes from persian whell.
small scale industry flourish.
means of transport and communication develop

CREATED AND DESIGNED BY-RIYA SINGH